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Toxicant & Disease Database

Toxicant and Disease Database

The CHE Toxicant and Disease Database is a searchable database that summarizes links between chemical contaminants and approximately 180 human diseases or conditions. Diseases and or toxicants can be viewed by utilizing the search options below. In 2025, we have also added links to information available in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). See a full description of the database and our methodology.

See also our compilation of other Databases and Resources.

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Bladder cancer

Causes Grouped by strength of evidence

Strong Evidence 1,1-dichloroethane 2-naphthylamine 4-aminobiphenyl 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) MOCA (aromatic amine) aromatic amines arsenic auramine benzidine benzidine-derived dyes benzo(a)pyrene chlordimeform/4-COT coal tars direct black 38 direct blue 6 direct brown 95 nitrobiphenyl o-toluidine PAHs tobacco smoke (active smoking)	Good Evidence carbaryl chlorination byproducts chlornaphazine chlorophenols creosotes ionizing radiation methylenedianiline propoxur solvents trihalomethanes	Limited Evidence antimony asbestos bifenthrin cacodylic acid carbamates chromium dichloropropene diesel exhaust dioxins / TCDD lead nitrosamines o-phenyl-phenol organochlorine pesticides p-cresidine pesticides pyrethins / pyrethroids saccharin tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Notes

+ - Group 1 human carcinogen, # - Group 2A human carcinogen, ^ - Group 2B human carcinogen (IARC) '*4-COT is the metabolite of chlordimeform Genetic differences in N-acetyltransferase, which detoxifies carcinogens, explain some variability in risk of disease. Individuals who are 'slow' acetylators have a greater susceptibility to bladder cancer than 'fast' acetylators. In addition to groups or individual pesticides listed, pesticide exposure in applicators, manufacturers and agricultural workers has been associated with bladder cancer. In these situations, the individual is exposed to mixtures of pesticides or different pesticides at different times. A correlation between an individual pesticide and disease can not be made. The link with propoxur is based on animal studies

ADDITIONAL DATA: The toxicant–disease relationships shown above were last updated in 2011. The relationships shown here are still valid, but additional research has been conducted since that time. Additional research on this disease can be found at this link:

COMPARATIVE TOXICOGENOMICS DATABASE: CURATED RESULTS
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

This link will direct your search to an external database, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). This database is different from, and complementary to, our database.

More information about sources and methods

CHE’s Toxicant and Disease Database evaluates existing evidence and categorizes that evidence based on its strength. It is constructed using expert judgment and epidemiological causal inference.
The CTD, in contrast, is a continually updated resource that presents information on a broad range of literature on chemical-disease relationships. It also provides data on genes, biological processes, and phenotypes related to chemicals and diseases. It does not categorize information based on strength of evidence, include an expert judgment process, or draw causal conclusions about toxicant-disease relationships.
The link we have provided on this page goes directly to CTD's curated results, which are a subset of the information available through CTD. Curated results in CTD are those for which studies are available on the toxicant-disease relationship.