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The CHE Toxicant and Disease Database is a searchable database that summarizes links between chemical contaminants and approximately 180 human diseases or conditions. Diseases and or toxicants can be viewed by utilizing the search options below. In 2025, we have also added links to information available in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). See a full description of the database and our methodology.
See also our compilation of other Databases and Resources.
For questions or comments about the database, please contact us through our Contact form.
fungicides
Diseases linked to this toxicant Grouped by strength of evidence
Good Evidence Decreased vision (includes blindness, retinopathy, optic neuropathy) Fetotoxicity (miscarriage / spontaneous abortion, stillbirth) | Limited Evidence |
ADDITIONAL DATA: The toxicant–disease relationships shown above were last updated in 2011. The relationships shown here are still valid, but additional research has been conducted since that time. Additional research on this toxicant can be found at this link:
COMPARATIVE TOXICOGENOMICS DATABASE: CURATED RESULTS
fungicides
This link will direct your search to an external database, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). This database is different from, and complementary to, our database.
More information about sources and methods
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CHE’s Toxicant and Disease Database evaluates existing evidence and categorizes that evidence based on its strength. It is constructed using expert judgment and epidemiological causal inference.
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The CTD, in contrast, is a continually updated resource that presents information on a broad range of literature on chemical-disease relationships. It also provides data on genes, biological processes, and phenotypes related to chemicals and diseases. It does not categorize information based on strength of evidence, include an expert judgment process, or draw causal conclusions about toxicant-disease relationships.
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The link we have provided on this page goes directly to CTD's curated results, which are a subset of the information available through CTD. Curated results in CTD are those for which studies are available on the toxicant-disease relationship.
References for our 2011 disease list
Arbuckle T, Lin Z, Mery LS. An exploratory analysis of the effect of pesticide exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion in an Ontario farm population. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001 Aug;109(8):851-7.
Garry VF, Harkins ME, Erickson LL, Long-Simpson LK, Holland SE, Burroughs BL. Birth defects, season of conception, and sex of children born to pesticide applicators living in the Red River Valley of Minnesota, USA. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2002
Garry VF, Holland SE, Erickson LL, Burroughs BL. Male reproductive hormones and thyroid function in pesticide applicators in the Red River Valley of Minnesota. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 2003 Jun 13;66(11):965-86.
Greenlee AR, Arbuckle TE, Chyou PH. Risk factors for female infertility in an agricultural region. Epidemiology. 2003; 14(4):429-436.
Hardell L, Eriksson M, Nordstrom M. Exposure to pesticides as risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia: pooled analysis of two Swedish case-control studies. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 2002 May;43(5):1043-9.
Holladay SD. Prenatal immunotoxicant exposure and postnatal autoimmune disease. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1999 Oct;107 Suppl 5:687-91.
Ji BT, Silverman DT et al. Occupational exposure to pesticides and pancreatic cancer. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2001 Jan;39(1):92-99.
Kamel F, Boyes WK, Gladen BC, Rowland AS, Alavanja MC, Blair A, Sandler DP. Retinal degeneration in licensed pesticide applicators. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2000 Jun;37(6):618-628.
Klaassen CD, Ed. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 6th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill 2001.
LaDou J, Ed. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 3rd Edition. New York: Lange Medical/McGraw-Hill Company, 2004.
Rom WM. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 1998.