CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Cognitive impairment (includes impaired learning, impaired memory, and decreased attention span)/Mental Retardation/Developmental Delay
Causes [strength of evidence]:
Notes
Cognitive impairment in children may occur as a result of exposures in utero or in early childhood during brain development. Metabolic studies have shown that infants absorb more manganese than adults. Manganese is added to infant formula. The effects of lead on I.Q. are non-linear and proportionally greater at lower concentrations.
Canfield et al. found associated declines in I.Q. greatest at lifetime average blood lead concentrations less than 10 mg/dL. An estimated loss of 7.4 IQ points was calculated for lifetime average blood lead concentrations from 1 up to 10 mg/dL and a loss of 2.5 IQ points for concentrations 10-20 mg/dL
References:
- Aoki, Y. Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans as Endocrine Disrupters - What We Have Learned from Yusho Disease. Environ Res Section A 2001;86:2-11.
- Baker SR and Wilkinson CF, ed. The Effects of Pesticides on Human Health. Workshop Proceedings, Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology XVIII. May 9-11, 1998. Princeton Science Publishing, Princeton.
- Baldi I. et al. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Exposure to Pesticides in the Elderly. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 157(5): 409-414.
- Canfield R.L., et al. Intellectual Impairment in Children with Blood Lead Concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter. NEJM 2003; 348(16):1517-1526.
- Cordero, J.F. Effect of Environmental Agents on Preganancy Outcomes: Disturbances of Prenatal Growth and Development. Med Clin North Am 1990;74(2):279-290.
- Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, Fenster L, Johnson C, Barr DB, Jewell NP. In utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment among young Mexican American children. Pediatrics. 2006
- Landigran P.J. and Garg A. Chronic Effects of Toxic Environmental Exposures on Children's Health. Clin Toxicol 2002;40(4):449-456.
- Murch, SJ et al. A mechanism for slow release of biomagnified cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease in Guam. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004; 101(33): 12228-31. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/101/33/12228
- Sanborn, MS. et al. Systematic Review of Pesticide Human Health Effects. Ontario College of Family Physicians. April, 2004. Available at: http://www.ocfp.on.ca/English/OCFP/Communications/Publications/default.asp?s=1
- Schettler, T. Developmental disabilitiesimpairment of childrens brain development and function: the role of environmental factors. Peer-reviewed report for Collaborative on Health and the Environment. Website: http://www.protectingourhealth.org/newscienc
- Schettler, T. et al. In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development. A Report by the Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility. January, 2001.
- Solomon G. et al. Pesticides and Human Health: A Resource for Health Professionals. A peer-reviewed report by Physicians for Social Responsibility (LA and Greater Bay Area chapters) and Californians for Pesticide Reform. 2000. Available on-line at: http:
- Trask C.L. and Kosofsky B.E. Developmental Considerations of Neurotoxic Exposures. Neurologic Clinics 2000; 18(3):541-562.
|
|
Links to other Databases and Resources
About the database
Database home page
|
