CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Cranio- Facial malformations*
Causes [strength of evidence]:
Notes
*Includes microcephaly, macrocephaly, gingival hyperplasia, wide saggital suture, facial edema, and exophthalmos.
References:
- Cordero, J.F. Effect of Environmental Agents on Preganancy Outcomes: Disturbances of Prenatal Growth and Development. Med Clin North Am 1990;74(2):279-290.
- El-Zein, RA et al. Exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether: clinical and cytogenetic findings. Arch Environ Health 2002; 57(4):371-6.
- Landigran P.J. and Garg A. Chronic Effects of Toxic Environmental Exposures on Children's Health. Clin Toxicol 2002;40(4):449-456.
- Trask C.L. and Kosofsky B.E. Developmental Considerations of Neurotoxic Exposures. Neurologic Clinics 2000; 18(3):541-562.
- Vahter M. et al. Metals and Women's Health. Environ Research 2002; Section A, 88:145-155.
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