CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Genito-urinary malformations (includes male and female)
Causes [strength of evidence]:
Notes
Maternal pesticide exposure in agricultural workers has been associated with cryptorchidism. Paternal pesticide exposure has been associated with cryptorchidism as well.
References:
- California Proposition 65
- Damgaard, I et al. Cryptorchidism and Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007; 115(2):272-7.
- Duty, S.M. et al. Phthalate Exposure and Human Semen Parameters. Epidemiology 2003;14:269-77.
- Gray, L. E., Jr., Ostby, J., Furr, J., Price, M., Veeramachaneni, D. N., & Parks, L. 2000. Perinatal exposure to the phthalates DEHP, BBP, and DINP, but not DEP, DMP, or DOTP, alters sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol Sci, 58(2): 350-365.
- Gupta, C. 2000. Reproductive malformation of the male offspring following maternal exposure to estrogenic chemicals. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 224(2): 61-68.
- Hosie, S., Loff, S., Witt, K., Niessen, K., & Waag, K. L. 2000. Is there a correlation between organochlorine compounds and undescended testes? Eur J Pediatr Surg, 10(5): 304-309.
- Khattak, S. et al. Pregnancy Outcome Following Gestational Exposure to Organic Solvents. A Prospective Controlled Study. JAMA 1999; 281:1106-1109.
- Massaad, C. et al. How can chemical compounds alter human fertility? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2002;100:127-137.
- McIntyre, B. S., Barlow, N. J., & Foster, P. M. 2002. Male rats exposed to linuron in utero exhibit permanent changes in anogenital distance, nipple retention, and epididymal malformations that result in subsequent testicular atrophy. Toxicol Sci, 65(1):
- Miller, K.P., et al., In utero effects of chemicals on reproductive tissues in females. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2004. 198(2): p. 111-31.
- National Toxicology Program Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (NTP CERHR)
- Peirik, FH. et al. Maternal and Paternal Risk Factors for Cyrptorchidism and Hypospadias: A Case-Control Study in Newborn Boys. Environ Health Perspect 2004;112:1570-1576.
- Sanborn, MS. et al. Systematic Review of Pesticide Human Health Effects. Ontario College of Family Physicians. April, 2004. Available at: http://www.ocfp.on.ca/English/OCFP/Communications/Publications/default.asp?s=1
- Sharara, F.I., D.B. Seifer, and J.A. Flaws, Environmental toxicants and female reproduction. Fertil Steril, 1998. 70(4): p. 613-22.
- Solomon G. et al. Pesticides and Human Health: A Resource for Health Professionals. A peer-reviewed report by Physicians for Social Responsibility (LA and Greater Bay Area chapters) and Californians for Pesticide Reform. 2000. Available on-line at: http:
- Wilcox, AJ. et al. Fertility in men exposed prenatally to diethylstilbesterol. N Engl J Med 1995; 332(21):1411-16
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