CHE Toxicant and Disease Database
Chronic renal disease
Causes [strength of evidence]:
Notes
Cadmium exposure in cigarette smokers is double (see acute tubular necrosis comments). Chronic renal disease from beryllium exposure occurs with multi-organ involvement (berylliosis).
References:
- Brautbar, N. and Howard, J. Phosphine Toxicity: Report of two Cases and Review of the Literature. Toxicol Ind Health 2002;18:71-75.
- Goyer, R.A. Envrionmentally Related Diseases of the Urinary Tract. Med Clin North Am 1990;74(2):377-389.
- Stratta P, et al. Silica and Renal Diseases: no longer a problem in the 21st century? J Nephrol 2001; 14: 228-247.
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